Behind the Breed: Cocker Spaniel

Have you ever wondered about the origins of a dog breed? In our “Behind the Breed” series we’ll dive into the history, personality and physical appearance of a particular breed. We’ll also cover some of the FAQs about the breed and maybe some fun facts, too!

The cocker spaniel, also known as the American cocker spaniel, has always been one of the most popular breeds, dating back a lot further than you might imagine.

Though they originated in England, cocker spaniels may have been among the first guests at the American Thanksgiving table. Records and ships’ manifests indicate that there were two dogs aboard the Mayflower when it landed in New England in 1620 — a mastiff and a small spaniel. Now cocker spaniels are counted among the most beloved, merry and frolicsome of all breeds.

What Were Cocker Spaniels Bred For?

Originally bred to hunt, the breed gets its name from the term “cocker,” referring to their use in flushing out Eurasian woodcock, a type of wading bird. These “gun dogs” are bred to use their keen sense of smell to stay low to the ground and flush out birds for hunters. Not ones to rest on their laurels, these well-rounded hunting dogs will use their sharp eyes to locate the downed birds, and then they retrieve the fowl.

Similar to Boykin and Brittany spaniels, cocker spaniels can double as excellent hunting companions and loyal family dogs that enjoy cuddling on the couch!

Cocker Spaniel Size

Cocker spaniel puppies typically grow to about 13–15.5 inches tall and roughly 20–30 pounds when fully grown, making them one of the smaller sporting spaniels in the American Kennel Club (AKC). They’re affectionately known for their long, floppy ears and large, round eyes.

You may be surprised to learn that there are actually two separate breeds of cocker spaniel, with the other known as the English cocker spaniel. While the two breeds can look very similar, typically English cocker spaniels are a bit taller with longer ears and a thicker, shorter coat than their American counterparts. One of the easiest ways to tell the two breeds apart is by looking at their head shape. American cocker spaniels have a shorter muzzle and a rounded skull and prominent eyebrows, whereas English cocker spaniels have a flatter head and longer muzzle.

Cocker Spaniel Colors

Cocker spaniels can come in a variety of different solid colors, including black, brown, red, and golden. It’s fairly common for many to carry two distinct colors, known as a parti color coat. With over 10 different colors and a variety of coat patterns, cocker spaniels truly do come in all different shapes, sizes and colors!

Do Cocker Spaniels Shed?

Yes, cocker spaniels do shed. They’re considered low to moderate shedders, so regular grooming and brushing practices are required to help your cocker spaniel maintain their long coat and prevent matting.

It’s important to remember that cocker spaniels do shed year-round, so grooming them with the help of a professional can be beneficial to help maintain their coat and prevent matting. Because cocker spaniels are prone to ear infections and allergic skin disease, the ears should be monitored for redness, odor, discharge or discomfort. A veterinarian can recommend an appropriate ear cleaning routine and evaluate any signs of infection.

Are Cocker Spaniels Hypoallergenic?

No, cocker spaniels are not hypoallergenic. No dog is ever considered completely hypoallergenic, and cocker spaniels have a double coat that sheds moderately throughout the year. Their shedding typically produces allergens found in dander (dead skin flakes and saliva) that can trigger allergic reactions, so cocker spaniel dogs may not be the best breed for those dealing with pet allergies.

Cocker Spaniel Temperament

While they may have been bred to be hunting dogs, the cocker spaniel personality is well known to be affectionately friendly with both people and other dogs. With early socialization, they can get along quite well with both large and small dogs. Given their history as loyal hunting partners, cocker spaniels can be easily trained and properly socialized with other breeds as well. If necessary, training classes can also help these intelligent little pups break any bad habits and grow into loyal, friendly dogs for first-time pet owners and families with other pets.

Cocker Spaniel Lifespan

The typical cocker spaniel lifespan is around 10–14 years. This can always vary depending on a variety of different factors including genetics, diet, exercise and overall care. They are susceptible to a few health issues, such as:

• Ear Infections: Their famously floppy ears can trap moisture in the ear canals, making it easy for bacteria to thrive and eventually lead to infection. An allergic component is typically involved as well. 

• Allergic Skin Disease: Cocker spaniels are predisposed to allergic skin conditions, which can lead to secondary bacterial and yeast infections.

• Hip Dysplasia: This condition occurs when the hip joint doesn’t develop properly as the dog grows, leading to looseness in the hip. If left untreated, this can lead to joint pain and arthritis.

• Eye Disease: Cocker spaniels may have inherited conditions that can result in vision loss or blindness, including cataracts, glaucoma, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).

Is a Cocker Spaniel Right for You?

Through the years, cocker spaniels have earned their reputation as a popular dog among hunters and families alike. Their personality traits make them a great fit for first time dog owners, as well as active pet owners looking for a pup that can keep up without too much excess energy. While their long hair does require consistent grooming, their shedding can be very manageable with regular brushing.

With a little training and a lot of love, a cocker spaniel can be a loyal furry friend to you and your family for many years to come!