Tag: pet health

Can Cats See in the Dark?

Posted on February 14, 2025 - 4:43 pm by
A close-up of a gray cat with yellow eyes covered in shadow as it lies in the dark.

If you’re a cat parent, you’re probably used to things going bump in the night. A book knocked off the table, a ball rolling across the floor — normal nightly occurrences for a household with a kitty. All of these night moves may have you wondering how your cat can see in the dark. Do they have built-in night vision? Are they a superhero? We can’t be sure they’re not a superhero, but we can explain why cats can see better than humans at nighttime.

Do Cats Have Night Vision?

Cats do have built-in night vision to a degree. While they can’t see in complete darkness, they do have excellent night vision in very low-light environments, especially compared to humans. It’s likely that your house is never completely dark; streetlights, moonlight, the glow of the clock on appliances — all of these light sources help provide dim light for your indoor cat to see their way around your home.

Surprise! Cats Are Not Nocturnal

Your cat’s schedule of sleeping all day and playing rambunctiously through the night may have you thinking that they’re nocturnal. But domestic cats are actually crepuscular, meaning they are most active at dawn and dusk — their ancestors would have hunted prey at that time. However, your particular cat’s behavior may also depend on your lifestyle.

How Do Cat’s Eyes See in Dim Light?

There are a number of reasons why cat vision is better in low-light conditions compared to human vision. Cats have more rod photoreceptor cells in their retina than humans, which makes their retina more sensitive to low light and motion, and helps them perceive contrasts between light and shadow. On the flip side, human retinas have more cone photoreceptors, which are the light receptor cells that work best in bright light and are responsible for color perception.

If you’ve ever taken a photo of your cat with the flash on or spotted a cat in your headlights, you would have noticed that their eyes look like they’re glowing. This eerie glow is due to a layer of highly reflective cells located behind the retina called the tapetum lucidum. The tapetum lucidum works like a mirror to reflect light back to the retina, which gives rods and cones of the retina another chance to pick up the limited amount of light available at dawn, dusk and night. The glow you see in a cat’s eyes in the dark is a result of this reflective layer and how it interacts with incoming light (and not because they have superhero night vision).

Cats also have larger corneas and pupils than humans in relation to the size of their eyes, so more light can enter their eyes. That definitely works in your cat’s favor in dimly lit environments. A cat’s vertically slit pupils also respond better to how light enters the eyes than humans’ round pupils — they can expand wider at night and change the amount of light falling on the retina. More light entering the eyes helps them see better at night.

How Do Cats See Humans? How Do Cats See the World?

Cats have excellent depth perception, which is especially important for hunting, jumping and exploring their environment. Their binocular vision, where both eyes focus on the same object, enables them to judge distances accurately. They also have excellent peripheral vision. Cats possess approximately a 200-degree visual field, which is wider than a human’s 180-degree vision. This wider peripheral vision can help cats spot potential prey or threats more easily.

Cats have poorer visual acuity than the average human, which means their ability to see fine details is not as good. The typical explanation of this is that what humans can see at 100 to 200 feet, a cat needs to be 20 feet from them to see with the same clarity. But remember that cats don’t rely on their eyesight as much as we do. Smell and hearing come first, so a cat’s visual acuity isn’t as important.

What Do Cats See in the Dark?

Cats have fewer cones than humans, which means their color vision is different to humans — red, orange and brown look gray or muted to them. Even though cats mostly see in shades of blue, green and gray, this helps their vision in low-light conditions.

Cat Vision Excels in Low-Light Situations

Cats have very good night vision due to their eyes’ ability to let in more light than a human’s eyes can. People might be better at perceiving fine details and seeing more colors, but cats have us beat when it comes to seeing in low-light settings. However, both you and your cat would need night vision goggles if you were in total darkness!

Is My Dog Overweight?

Posted on September 21, 2023 - 1:25 pm by
An interior graphic detailing a body condition score chart for dogs with cartoon depictions of underweight, ideal weight and overweight dogs.

When Fido looks up at you with those big, beautiful eyes asking for one more handful of treats, it can be hard to say no — even if they were just asking for treats two hours earlier. Wanting a full, happy, healthy life for your dog is every pet owner’s ultimate desire. But how do you know if your doggo is getting too heavy? Or how do you know what the ideal weight even is for their breed?

Body Condition Score

Rather than calculating your dog’s body mass index (BMI), veterinarians recommend pet parents look to the body condition score (BCS). Your pet’s BCS is found by evaluating fat on their ribs, waist and hips. Veterinarians recommend monitoring and evaluating your pet’s BCS once a month to stay on top of any potential issues. An ideal weight will lower your pet’s chance of arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, breathing problems, kidney disease and, in some cases, cancer. Making sure your pet is at their optimal weight can also reduce the concern of joint injuries associated with excess weight.

An interior graphic detailing a body condition score chart for dogs with cartoon depictions of underweight, ideal weight and overweight dogs.

How to Evaluate Your Dog’s Ribs

When evaluating the ribs, you should ideally be able to lay your fingers flat to feel the bones. If you need to press your fingertips into their body to locate their ribs, your pet is closer to a 6 out of 9 on the scale. If you have difficulty finding your pet’s rib cage with your fingertips, they’re more likely a 7 out of 9 on the scale. If you can’t find your dog’s rib cage at all using your fingertips, they’re pushing an 8 or 9 on the scale.

Moving in the opposite direction, if you can easily feel your dog’s ribcage and can barely see them, they’re a 4 out of 9. A dog whose ribcage is very visible upon sight and touch are likely under their ideal weight. There are some dog breeds who naturally have very lean body types, like greyhounds, who are an exception to this rule.

A Visible Waist Is Key

Looking past your dog’s ribcage, there should be a visible waist. On fluffier breeds, you should be able to feel their waist or see it when they are wet. Evaluating your pet from the side, you should see a “tuck” by the abdomen starting where the chest ends and going up toward the hips.

If your pet’s belly hangs lower and there’s not much of a tuck, they are likely on the overweight or obese portion of the scale. If the opposite situation occurs and you’re seeing no belly fat and a prominent tuck, they could be underweight.

Hips, It’s All in the Hips

Lastly, let’s evaluate your pet’s love handles — yes, doggos can get love handles just like we humans do. Ideally, you should be able to feel your pet’s hips easily, with no squishy layers on either side. If you can easily see your pet’s hip bones or there is no muscle felt, they are likely underweight.

Re-Evaluating Your Dog’s Diet

After gauging Fido’s body condition score, what do you think? Has Fido lost too much weight in the last month? Consider how active they’ve been and if their appetite has changed. Make an appointment with your veterinarian to discuss potential underlying conditions that may be affecting your dog’s weight. Fido’s weight loss could be a sign of digestive issues, dental problems, parasites or other underlying medical conditions that require immediate attention.

Does Fido seem a little too pudgy? It may be time to look at how much you’re feeding your dog as well as the types of foods you’re giving them. Reach for complete and balanced dog foods and visit with your veterinarian or nutritionist to discuss how much you should feed your pet based on their breed, age and current weight. Automatic pet feeders can be a solution in helping control the portion size of kibble Fido eats throughout their day. Consider adding an extra walk or two throughout the day, too, to help them shed the extra pounds. Bonus: an extra walk means extra bonding time with Fido!

The right steps today can make for a healthier tomorrow.

RELATED POST: Getting Your Dog Fit for Summer Fun

How to Help a Poisoned Pet

Posted on March 4, 2021 - 4:00 pm by
Taste of the Wild

Curious pets have a way of getting into things they shouldn’t. Maybe your dog nosed through the garbage can. Or your cat gnawed on a new houseplant. Or a pet pried open the bottle of human medications in your backpack.

Dogs and cats are often inadvertently poisoned by ingesting toxins, but like people, they can also be poisoned by inhaling noxious fumes or if their skin comes into contact with certain chemicals.

When exposed to toxins, a healthy pet can become ill before you know it. Of course, the severity and timing of signs varies depending on the toxin involved. Signs like lethargy or loss of appetite can be subtle or they can be severe, ranging from vomiting and diarrhea to collapse and seizures.

Would you know what to do, if you suspect your pet has been poisoned?

Practice poison prevention

Help protect your pet from poisoning with the following:

Know about potential poisons. When you’re aware that many common lilies can be toxic to cats, you can keep them out of your house.  Visit the Pet Poison Helpline to learn what plants, household and garden items may cause trouble. For cats, common toxins include acetaminophen, flea and tick medications containing pyrethrin, and human antidepressants. The list for dogs includes chocolate, the artificial sweetener xylitol and grapes.

Store toxins out of paw’s reach. Carefully place household, yard and automotive chemicals where pets can’t access them. Replace toxic house and garden plants with pet-safe versions. Secure rodenticides where mice can access them but pets can’t. All human and pet medications should be kept in a medicine cabinet or drawer. Never leave human foods in places where counter surfers can reach them.

Keep important numbers close. Program the following numbers into your phone, so they’re close at hand: your regular veterinarian (if potential poisoning happens during regular business hours), the closest 24-hour emergency veterinary clinic (for after hours) and ASPCA Poison Control (888) 426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at (855) 764-7661 (there may be a fee).

Be prepared for an emergency. Keep 3 percent hydrogen peroxide in your medicine cabinet, in case your veterinarian asks you to induce vomiting in your dog. Replace the bottle when it reaches the expiration date. It may help to have a syringe on hand, for administration. Hydrogen peroxide is only for use in dogs; there is no at-home medication to induce vomiting in cats. Avoid internet suggestions for making your pet vomit, such as using vegetable oil or salt.

With any toxin exposure, act fast

If you suspect your pet has been poisoned, contact your veterinarian immediately, even if your pet is acting normal. The sooner your pet can be treated, the more likely it is for a good prognosis. Other important steps include:

Try to identify the toxin involved. If possible, bring the product packaging, plant, medication or photos of the poisoning site to the clinic. This will help the doctor better identify the toxin so the appropriate treatment can be started as soon as possible.

Bring a vomit sample to the vet in a clear, plastic bag. If you’re unsure what your pet may have gotten into, the vomit may contain materials that can help your veterinarian identify potential toxins.

Never induce vomiting or provide treatment unless directed by your veterinarian. Some toxins can cause damage to the esophagus, mouth or nose, or be aspirated into the lungs if vomiting is induced. Do not induce vomiting if your dog is unconscious, unable to stand, is having trouble breathing or is having a seizure. Giving your pet milk will not neutralize the toxin. And never give any human over-the-counter medicine as a treatment, unless you are asked to do so by your veterinarian.

Even if you’re careful, toxin exposure can happen. Knowing when your pet may be in trouble and seeking immediate veterinary help are the best ways to help keep your pet safe and healthy.

When the Leaves Change Color, Can Your Pets See It?

Posted on October 22, 2020 - 3:00 pm by
Taste of the Wild

Autumn plays with all your senses, but none so much as your sense of sight, as deciduous trees burst into shades of brilliant red, vibrant orange and buttery yellow. This vivid array is enough to make you wonder: Does my dog or cat enjoy these colors like I do?

For decades, many people believed that dogs and cats were colorblind, or could only see shades of black, white and gray.  The truth is, they do see colors, but not in the way we do.

Your dog’s true colors

For people and pets, color perception begins at the retina, or the tissue lining the back of the eye. The retina contains two kinds of photoreceptor cells: rods, which perceive low and shifting light, and cones, which discern colors.

Humans have three kinds of cones, which can pick up red, blue and green wavelengths. Dogs only have two kinds of cones: those that are sensitive to blue and those that pick up yellow-green. That means dogs can’t see the full range of colors, or the richness or intensity, that humans do. Their world is essentially limited to shades of blue, yellow and gray.

Putting dogs to the test

To determine how dogs see colors, scientist Jay Neitz at the University of California, Santa Barbara, performed a unique test. Dogs were shown three panels of light, two of which were the same color. Dogs were rewarded with a treat when they touched their noses to the panel with the different color.

In this way, Neitz found the hues dogs could distinguish ranged from dark and light blue to dark and light yellow and shades of gray.

How about cats?

Cats, like humans, have three types of cones in their retinas but fewer cones overall. So they may see a similar range of colors that you do, but the colors tend to be less vibrant. Within that spectrum of colors, cats tend to see blue, violet, yellow and green better than red.

Seeing the light

While dogs and cats may have fewer cones than humans, they make up for it with more rods, helping them to see better in the dark than humans. Dogs can have up to three times the rods as humans, according to Alexandra Horowitz, author of Inside a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell and Know. Cats are even more suited to nocturnal wandering, with as many as eight times the rods as humans.

Dogs and cats can also see the type B ultraviolet (UVB) spectrum, meaning some colors, such as white, may fluoresce and be disturbing for animals.

Work with your pet’s color spectrum

How can you use this color knowledge to your advantage? First, understand that a red or orange toy may appear gray, brown or black to your pet, or just doesn’t “pop” from the environment like it does for you. A blue toy may capture your pet’s attention better.

If you want to create a soothing environment for your pet at home, again, work with your dog or cat’s visible spectrum. Choose wall paints, pillows and blankets in the blue, green or violet range of the spectrum, rather than oranges and reds. Avoid bright white when possible because it might light up or flare for your pet more than it does for you.

But what about all those red and orange leaves piled in your backyard? Your pet may not appreciate the colors, but he or she can certainly have fun leaping and rolling in all of them with you.

Exercise and the Overweight Pet: A Common-Sense Approach

Posted on October 8, 2020 - 10:34 pm by
An overweight cat standing in the grass on a sunny day.

Has your pet ever been fat shamed? Maybe it was a casual dig at the dog park. Or an insensitive remark on social media. It can be easy to underestimate how many extra pounds your pet may be carrying because, frankly, pet obesity has become the new normal. That is why we’re pointing out that tomorrow is National Pet Obesity Awareness Day. Pet obesity is nothing to take lightly!

About 59.5 percent of cats and 55.8 percent of dogs are considered overweight or obese, according to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention (APOP). Obesity can contribute to diabetes, joint problems such as arthritis, difficulty breathing and even a shorter life span.

If you’ve got a pet who needs to take care of their weight, you’ll likely need to change their diet — including feeding them fewer human food treats. But increasing the exercise is equally important because you want your pet to lose fat while retaining or building muscle mass. How much exercise is healthy? Here are some tips to help your pet drop those unwanted pounds and earn the praise and admiration he or she deserves.

First stop: your veterinary clinic

Your veterinarian will weigh your pet and show you how to objectively determine your pet’s ideal weight. Together, you can make a plan on how to approach your pet’s weight loss. Your veterinarian may recommend a therapeutic weight loss diet or determine the right quantity of your current food to help your pet lose weight while still receiving all the nutrition they need.

The doctor will also check to see if your pet has any underlying conditions, such as hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone) in dogs, which, when treated, can help with weight loss. He or she will also examine your pet for underlying heart or orthopedic conditions that may impact your pet’s exercise plan.

Gradual weight loss is best

Your pet shouldn’t lose weight too fast. As a general rule, a dog can lose about 1 to 3 percent of their body weight per month, while a cat can lose 0.5 to 2 percent per month, according to APOP. But this may vary depending on your pet’s breed and weight. Overweight cats who lose weight too fast and go off their food are prone to fatty liver disease, a serious and sometimes fatal condition. If your cat doesn’t eat for a day or two, contact your veterinarian.

Begin exercise gradually, too

Your veterinarian will typically recommend short exercise sessions, then gradually extend the length of these sessions as your pet loses weight. For overweight or arthritic dogs, low-impact exercises like walking and swimming are good because they put less stress on the joints than running and jumping. If your pet has arthritis, ask your veterinarian about medications to help your dog exercise pain free.

Start with short walks on flat terrain, gradually extending the walk and adding hills. Let your dog warm up and do their business, then gently increase the speed of your walk so your dog is getting some heart-pounding aerobic exercise. If your dog starts panting too much or lagging behind, that’s your cue to slow down a bit. Dogs that are overweight, especially those that are brachycephalic, or flat-faced, can have trouble breathing and become overheated easily. It’s best to walk these dogs in the cool of the morning or evening.

Depending on your dog’s health status, your veterinarian may recommend an exercise regimen of perhaps 30-minute walks five times a week. Each week, you can gradually increase the amount of aerobic time during the walk. If your dog tolerates that well, you can build up to twice-a-day walks or jogging.

Another alternative is to schedule regular appointments at canine rehabilitation clinics, where they can put your dog through the paces on regular or underwater treadmills. You can even make use of digital pet activity monitors to help monitor your pet’s daily efforts.

Cat fitness

Cats can be slightly more challenging to exercise, but you can start with 5-minute play sessions, chasing a laser pointer or feather toy. A cat tree can encourage your cat to climb and stretch its muscles. Food puzzles make your cat work for their meals and provide mental stimulation. Another alternative is to hide kibble in different parts of the house so your cat has to “hunt” for their meal.

Monitor progress with monthly weigh-ins

Whether you weigh your pet at the veterinary office or on your own scale, it’s important to make sure your pet is making weight-loss progress. Too much or too little weight loss suggests a call to your veterinarian, who can make adjustments in diet or exercise to keep your pet on track.

The Do’s and Don’ts of Pet Pain Relief

Posted on September 3, 2020 - 3:00 pm by
Taste of the Wild

Maybe your pup roughhoused at the dog park and is now favoring a leg. Or your cat drops food from her mouth as if it’s painful to chew. What’s the harm in exploring your medicine cabinet for a little pain relief? After all, over-the-counter pain medications such as aspirin are relatively harmless for people, so the same goes for pets, right?

Unfortunately, that kind of well-meaning thinking has led to potentially serious health problems for both cats and dogs. Since pets don’t metabolize these drugs like people do, medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and acetaminophen can be harmful or even deadly to your dog or cat.

As part of Animal Pain Awareness Month, we’re sharing some tips on pet pain relief to help keep your beloved ones safe.

Human NSAIDs and pets

Medications such as aspirin (Bufferin), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve) are considered non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, but human NSAIDs, especially in high doses, can cause gastrointestinal ulcers, kidney failure, liver failure, bleeding problems and even neurological issues in pets. Cats are even more sensitive to NSAIDs than dogs. Signs of potential toxicity include vomiting, diarrhea, black/tarry stools, pale or yellow gums, changes in amount or frequency of urination, collapse and seizures.

While acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a pain reliever and fever reducer, it has no anti-inflammatory properties, so it is not considered an NSAID. It may be combined with aspirin in products such as Excedrin. While acetaminophen can be toxic to dogs, it’s often fatal for cats. Ingestion can lead to liver damage and a condition called methemoglobinemia, in which red blood cells cannot carry necessary oxygen to the body. In these cases, the blood may actually appear brown rather than the healthy red color of oxygenated blood. Signs include increased respiratory rate, pale or muddy gums, vomiting, swelling of the face or extremities and collapse.

If you see these signs after inadvertently giving your pet over-the-counter human pain relievers, or after your pet accidentally chewed through the bottle of pain relievers in your purse or backpack, contact your veterinarian immediately or call the ASPCA’s Poison Control Center at 1-888-426-4435.

Pain relief dos and don’ts

So how can you help a pet that you suspect may be in pain?

  • DO schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. Depending on the cause, the doctor may prescribe a veterinary NSAID for your pup that has been shown to be safe and effective in dogs. While there are no NSAIDs approved for long-term use in cats, your veterinarian may prescribe other medications for pain relief.
  • DON’T give your pet any over-the-counter pain medication without consulting your veterinarian first. Wouldn’t you rather ask now than end up at the emergency clinic later?
  • DON’T give your pet a veterinary NSAID that was prescribed for another pet. You may accidentally give the wrong dose, or this pet may have an underlying health condition or be on medications that aren’t compatible with the NSAID.
  • DO let your vet know what other medications your pet is taking. In particular, if they are already taking steroids such as prednisone or prednisolone, they shouldn’t start taking NSAIDs.
  • DON’T administer any additional NSAIDs if your pet is already taking a veterinary NSAID.
  • DO monitor them for potential side effects, if your dog is currently taking a veterinary NSAID. Loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea or lethargy are warning signs. Your veterinarian may also recommend periodic blood tests to make sure your dog’s liver and kidney values remain normal while on the medication.

When in doubt, your veterinarian is always your best resource for safeguarding your pet’s health.

Pet Poison Safety Tips: Is Your Home Really Poison-Proof?

Posted on March 12, 2020 - 3:00 pm by
A small white dog sitting behind grapes, chocolate and other common foods that may be poisonous to your pet.

Pets have a way of getting into things they shouldn’t. The chocolate bar that fell between the sofa cushions. The bottle of aspirin you left on the kitchen table. Or that slug bait on the garage floor. Since next week is Poison Prevention Week, we thought everyone could use a few safety tips on how to poison-proof your house.

Here are some of the top toxins that pets can typically find around the house:

  • Houseplants — While households with cats should avoid many types of lilies, other plants, such as sago palms and dieffenbachia, can be problematic for pets, too. But don’t worry if you’re really into houseplants. There are plenty that are generally safe for pets. These include spider plants, Boston ferns, African violets, Christmas cacti, Swedish ivy, lipstick plants, moth orchids and some succulents such as Haworthia, Peperomia and burro’s tail.
  • Human over-the-counter medications — Drug toxicity is a top claim at Nationwide Pet Insurance because people intentionally give their pets medications intended for humans. Just because some over-the-counter drugs like pain relievers, cold medications and herbal supplements don’t need a prescription doesn’t mean they’re OK for pets. Play it safe: Never give your dog or cat a human medication unless you have been directed to do so by your veterinarian.
  • Human and pet prescription medications — Think you have trouble getting into those child-proof bottles? Some pets can make quick work of them, getting into potentially dangerous drugs like ADHD medications, antidepressants, and heart medications. Some prescription medications for pets often contain meat flavoring, which may entice pets to down a month’s worth of doses at once.
  • People food — You’re probably well aware that some foods, such as grapes, chocolate and onions, can be dangerous for pets. But never forget that a determined pet can knock over the garbage and swallow chicken bones, coffee grounds, wrappers, moldy food and items that may be toxic, lead to pancreatitis, or require emergency surgery to remove them.
  • All things that require batteries — Most dog owners have probably had to replace a TV remote or two. But leaving any battery-operated devices, such as toys and smartphones, lying around can lead to a trip to the emergency clinic with your pet. And power cords, while not toxic, can lead to electric shock or worse if your pet chews on them. Keep all these items out of your pet’s reach.
  • Medical or recreational marijuana — Today’s marijuana often contains significantly more THC than in years past. Dogs and cats can become poisoned by exposure to marijuana smoke as well as eating pot plants or cookies, brownies or candies made with this ingredient.

That’s just a short list of what your dog or cat might find in your house.  Want more details? Here’s a room-by-room checklist of possible pet toxins.

Of course, if you suspect that your pet may have gotten into a toxin, call your veterinarian or the Pet Poison Helpline at (855) 764-7661 immediately.